A maziko,
Amatanthawuza membala wonyamula katundu pansi pa nyumba yokhudzana ndi maziko, mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi maziko owonjezera m'munsi mwa dongosolo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa katundu.Ntchito yake ndikusamutsa katundu kuchokera kumtunda kwa nyumbayo kupita ku maziko.Choncho mazikowo ayenera kukhala olimba, okhazikika komanso odalirika.Mamembala opangidwa pansi pa nthaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa katundu wapamwamba ku maziko.
Chachiwiri, anamanga-mkati
Civil kapena nthawi zambiri mumachita pa nthawi ya maziko, kuti pambuyo pake unsembe dongosolo kapena chipangizo ndi yabwino, pamaziko a m'mbuyo pamene kuchita zofunika mbali ya zida m'munsi, kapena nangula bawuti, kapena mu dongosolo zitsulo wothandiza choyamba anaika. maziko awa pambuyo kubwera ku mapeto, mosavuta adzakhala ndiye zida zokhazikika pa bolodi ophatikizidwa kapena mbali ophatikizidwa, amene ali ambiri kwambiri zomangamanga.
Atatu, mizati
Mu kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, makamaka chimbalangondo kuthamanga, nthawi zina amanyamula kupindika mphindi ofukula ndodo, ntchito kuthandizira matabwa, trusses, pansi, etc. chigawo mawonekedwe a gulu lalikulu ndime, ndime, chitoliro, mzati amakona anayi, ndime yoboola pakati, H. -mzere wooneka ngati T, wooneka ngati L, woboola pakati, wapawiri, woboola pakati;Column ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kapangidwe kake, kuwonongeka kwa mzati kumabweretsa kuwonongeka ndi kugwa kwa dongosolo lonselo.
Ndime yodziyimira ikumangidwa, mizati yakuchepetsa katundu wakumtunda komwe kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa zipilala zamakhoma omanga, mzere wamphepo ya gable, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, mphamvu yayikulu yamphepo, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu ya anti vibration ndikulimbitsa kukhazikika, ndi gable do monolithic khoma ndipamwamba kwambiri, kulimbitsa bata ndi mphepo / chivomezi katundu, kuti apewe kusakhazikika kwa gables.Mzati wa chimango ndi mzati wodziyimira pawokha ndizambiri zolemetsa, mzati wa chimango umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimango kapena gawo lachimake chonyamula katundu, kudzera pamtengo wokhazikika komanso mtengo wopitilira wolumikizidwa pamodzi.
Chachinayi, thandizo lazambiri
1. Udindo wa chithandizo cha mzati: kuonetsetsa kukhazikika ndi kuuma kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mafupa a zomera;Monga thandizo ofananira nawo a mzati kudziwa mawerengedwe kutalika kwa ndime kunja kwa chimango ndege;Nyamulirani katundu wakuthwa wopingasa kuchokera kufakitale, makamaka katundu wamphepo
Mfundo ya mapangidwe: mfundo yothandizira yosinthika ndi yakuti zitsulo zozungulira ziyenera kugwedezeka (kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chozungulira kumagwirizana ndi kuuma kwina kunja kwa ndege), kotero kuti ikhoza kusamutsa mphamvu yopingasa yotalika, ndithudi. , ngati sichikugwedezeka, izi zidzakhudza kuuma kwathunthu ndi kukhazikika kwapangidwe;Koma angapo zothandizira mu structural unit, anatsimikiza ndi kotenga nthawi yopingasa mphamvu, zitsulo bala awiri ndi masanjidwe mfundo;Kukula kwazitsulo zozungulira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi katundu wotengedwa ndi chithandizo.N'zoonekeratu kuti specifications alibe malire pa slenderness chiŵerengero cha tensioned kuzungulira zitsulo (palibe chifukwa choyang'ana slenderness chiŵerengero, bola mphamvu yamakokedwe akwaniritsa zofunika)
Chachisanu, mtengo
Mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo, mphamvu yakunja ndiyo makamaka mphamvu yotsatizana ndi kukameta ubweya, ndipo gawo lalikulu la deformation limatchedwa mtengo.
1. Pankhani ya ntchito, pali matabwa omangika, monga mtengo wa maziko ndi mtengo wa chimango (mtengo wa chimango (KL) umatanthawuza mtengo wolumikizidwa ndi mzere wa chimango (KZ) pamapeto onse awiri, kapena mtengo wolumikizidwa ndi khoma la shear. pa malekezero onse awiri koma ndi chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa danga kosachepera 5m).Ndipo zigawo zina zowongoka monga mizati ndi makoma onyamula katundu pamodzi zimapanga dongosolo la malo;Pali matabwa structural, monga mizati mphete, lintel matabwa, kulumikiza matabwa ndi zina zotero, kusweka kukana, kukana zivomezi, bata ndi zina structural zotsatira.Mgwirizanowu ndi mtengo wolumikizirana pakati pa mamembala omangika, ntchito ndikuwonjezera kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe kake.Cholumikizira cholumikizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza chimango chimodzi kuti chiwonjezeke kuuma kozungulira kapena kotalika kwa nyumbayo.Mtsinje wolumikizayo sudzanyamula katundu wina kupatula mphamvu yokoka yake yomwe ndi gawo la kumtunda kwake.
2, mtengowo molingana ndi mawonekedwe agawo, ukhoza kugawidwa kukhala: mtengo wamakona anayi, mtanda wa gawo la T, mtanda wa gawo la mtanda, mtanda wopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a I, mtengo wa gawo la U, mtanda wa gawo losakhazikika.
3, mtengo mogwirizana ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za nyumba, akhoza kugawidwa mu: denga mtengo, pansi mtengo, pansi chimango mtengo, maziko maziko.(Mtsinje wa denga umatanthawuza membala wamkulu wapadenga yemwe amanyamula mphamvu kuchokera ku purlins ndi mapanelo apadenga.)
Six, purlin
Purlin yaikulu imamangiriridwa padenga ndi matabwa akunja a khoma, ndipo purlin yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa denga ndi mapanelo akunja kwa maziko.Chitsulo chamtundu wa C / Z chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zamakono zazitsulo.Zzitsulo zamtundu wa Z zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ma purlins, omwe ali ndi mbali zothandizira mkati mwazitsulo.Ma purlins akuluakulu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi denga ndi matabwa a kunja kwa khoma lamkati, ndipo ma purlins achiwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa denga ndi mapanelo akunja akunja ku maziko a maziko.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, purlin
Kumapeto kwa purlin yongothandizidwa kapena pachimake cha purlin yosalekeza, mabatani a purlin amatha kulepheretsa purlin kuti isagwedezeke kapena kupindika pakuthandizira.Mabulaketi a Purlin nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi Angle kapena mbale zophatikizira zokhala ndi mbale zoyimirira pafupifupi 3/4 wamtali ndikumangirizidwa ku purlins.
Eyiti, kukoka
Kukhazikika kwa purlin.Ndodo yokoka nthawi zambiri imakhala chitsulo chozungulira chokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 10mm.Kujambula kumagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa purlin.Pamene kutalika kwa purlin ndi 4m ~ 6m, ndikoyenera kuyika zojambulazo pakati pa kutalika kwa purlin.Pamene kutalika kuli kwakukulu kuposa 6m, kujambula kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali wa purlin.Pamwamba khoma mtengo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mu chingwe kukoka kwa katundu wonyamula ndime kapena khoma ndime;Pamene katundu ofukula wa khoma gulu imafalikira pansi kapena joists m'njira yodalirika, kukoka Mzere sikufunika.Mizere iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ma purlins okhwima.Mizere nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa 1/3 kutalika kwa ukonde wa kumtunda kwa purlin.
Nayi, kulimbitsa bondo
Chingwe chapakona ndi mzati wothandizira pakati pa mtengo ndi khola, mtengo ndi purlin, ndime ndi purlin pakona ya mbali.Khoma limatchedwa thandizo la ngodya ya khoma, denga limatchedwa chithandizo cha ngodya ya denga.
Udindo: [1]: Kuti muwonetsetse kukhazikika kwa gawo lakunja kwa ndege, chepetsani kutalika kwa mawerengedwe akunja kwa chigawocho.Pamene nsonga zothandizira pambali zimafunikila mkati mwa flange ndi mizati, purlins kapena zitsulo zapakhoma zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi flange yakunja zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupereka zingwe zamakona.Thandizo la ngodya liyenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chimodzi cha Angle ndikupangidwa molingana ndi mamembala a axial compression.
[2]: Zapangidwa kuti ziteteze kugwedezeka ndi kusasunthika kwa ma flanges oponderezedwa (ma flanges otsika a matabwa ndi ma flanges amkati a mizati) ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa ma compression flanges.Mabakiteriya amapangidwa kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwapafupi kwa flange yapansi ya mtengo pansi pa kupanikizika.Kukhazikika kwapakati pa flange kumtunda kwa mtengowo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ma purlins olumikizidwa ndi izo (chifukwa: kumtunda kwa flange kwa mtengowo kumakhala kokhazikika ndipo palibe vuto lokhazikika. ; Koma nthawi zambiri, mphamvu zam'mbali chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwaderalo ndizochepa. Choncho, ma purlin angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati membala kuti flange ikhale yokhazikika.)
Khumi.Mtengo wa Crane
Mtsinje womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza makatani mkati mwa msonkhano umatchedwa mtengo wa crane ndipo nthawi zambiri umayikidwa kumtunda kwa msonkhano.
Mtsinje wa crane ndiye mphepete mwa msewu, ndipo pamtengowo pali njira ya crane, ndipo crane imathamangira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pamtengowo kudzera munjirayo.Gawo la mtanda la mtanda ndi bokosi-mtundu, welded ndi kupanga;Palinso yosavuta, ndi mbiri kuwotcherera akamaumba, zambiri analimbitsa konkire kapena zitsulo kapangidwe.
Khumi ndi chimodzi: Truss
Ndege kapena malo okhala ndi mipiringidzo yowongoka, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zitatu.Pansi pa katundu, mamembala a truss makamaka amanyamula kupanikizika kwa axial kapena kupanikizika, kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zonse zakuthupi, kupulumutsa zinthu, kuchepetsa kulemera kwakufa ndikuwonjezera kuuma poyerekeza ndi mtengo wolimba wa mimba pamene chitalikirapo chimakhala chachikulu.Chifukwa chake, ndiyoyenera kupangira zida zazikulu zonyamula katundu ndi zida zazitali.
Mphamvu zokwanira - palibe fracture kapena pulasitiki mapindikidwe;Mokwanira okhwima - popanda kwambiri zotanuka mapindikidwe;Kukhazikika kokwanira - palibe kugwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu mawonekedwe a mgwirizano;Makhalidwe abwino amphamvu - seismic ndi mphepo kukana.Zofuna kupanga truss: kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndodo;Khalani ndi kulumikizana kwabwino, kuphatikiza ma rivets, mapini ndi ma weld joints.
Khumi ndi ziwiri: Denga
Denga nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo wosanjikiza madzi, bolodi denga, mtengo, zida mapaipi, denga, etc. Denga bolodi si katundu wonyamula chigawo chimodzi, komanso mawonekedwe amagawanitsa pamwamba danga ndi kunja danga.
Denga ndi gawo lapamwamba kwambiri la envelopu yomangayo, liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, kuti nyumbayo ipereke malo oyenera amkati.
Ntchito zapadenga ndi zofunikira: denga ndiye chophimba chapamwamba kwambiri cha nyumbayo, chopangidwa ndi denga ndi mawonekedwe othandizira.Ntchito yotsekera padenga ndikuletsa kuukira kwa mvula yachilengedwe, chipale chofewa ndi mchenga wamphepo komanso mphamvu ya dzuwa.Kumbali ina, imatenganso katundu kuchokera pamwamba pa denga, kuphatikizapo mphepo ndi matalala, kulemera kwa denga ndi kulemera kwa zigawo zomwe zingatheke ndi anthu, ndikuzipereka kumakoma.Choncho, chofunika cha denga ndi champhamvu komanso chokhazikika, popeza kuwala kofunikira, kopanda madzi, moto, kuteteza kutentha ndi ntchito yotetezera kutentha.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira za zigawo zosavuta, zomangamanga zosavuta, ndipo zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nyumbayo, ndi maonekedwe abwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2022