Chomangira

Chomangira (US English) kapena fastening (UK English)[1] ndi chipangizo cha hardware chomwe chimalumikiza kapena kumata zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo palimodzi.Kawirikawiri, zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zolumikizira zosakhalitsa;ndiko kuti, mfundo zomwe zingathe kuchotsedwa kapena kung'ambika popanda kuwononga zigawozo.[2]Kuwotcherera ndi chitsanzo cha kupanga mfundo zokhazikika.Zomangira zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha carbon, kapena chitsulo cha alloy.

Njira zina zolumikizira zida ndi izi: crimping, kuwotcherera, soldering, brazing, taping, gluing, simenti, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira zina.Mphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, monga maginito, vacuum (monga makapu oyamwa), kapenanso kugundana (monga zomata).Mitundu ina yamagulu opangira matabwa imagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zamkati, monga ma dowels kapena mabisiketi, omwe mwanjira ina amatha kuonedwa ngati zomangira mkati mwa dongosolo lolumikizirana, ngakhale paokha sizimangirira zolinga.

Mipando yoperekedwa mu paketi yosalala nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma cam dowels otsekedwa ndi maloko a cam, omwe amadziwikanso kuti conformat fasteners.Zomangira zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kutseka chidebe monga thumba, bokosi, kapena envelopu;kapena angaphatikizepo kusunga pamodzi mbali za pobowola zinthu zovunda, kuyika chivindikiro ku chidebe, ndi zina zotero.

Zinthu monga chingwe, chingwe, waya, chingwe, unyolo, kapena zokutira zapulasitiki zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikiza zinthu mwamakina;koma sizimagawidwa ngati zomangira chifukwa zimakhala ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Momwemonso, ma hinges ndi akasupe amatha kulumikiza zinthu palimodzi, koma nthawi zambiri samaganiziridwa ngati zomangira chifukwa cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuloleza kufotokozera m'malo momangirira molimba.

Makampani

Mu 2005, akuti makampani opanga zinthu ku United States amayendetsa mafakitale opangira 350 ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito antchito 40,000.Makampaniwa amamangiriridwa kwambiri pakupanga magalimoto, ndege, zida zamagetsi, makina aulimi, zomanga zamalonda, ndi zomangamanga.Zomangamanga zopitilira 200 biliyoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ku US, 26 biliyoni mwa izi ndimakampani amagalimoto.Wofalitsa wamkulu wa zomangira ku North America ndi Fastenal Company.[3]

Zipangizo

Pali zomangira zitsulo zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha carbon, ndi chitsulo cha alloy.kalasi yaikulu ntchito zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri: 200 mndandanda, 300 mndandanda, ndi 400 mndandanda.Titaniyamu, aluminiyamu, ndi ma aloyi osiyanasiyana ndizinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zomangira zitsulo.Nthawi zambiri, zokutira zapadera kapena zokutira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomangira zitsulo kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito awo, mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri.Zopaka wamba/zomangira zikuphatikizapo zinki, chrome, ndi galvanizing dip yotentha.[4]

Mapulogalamu

Posankha chomangira cha ntchito zamakampani, ndikofunikira kuganizira zinthu zingapo.Ulusi, katundu woikidwa pa chomangira, kuuma kwa chomangira, ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangira zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Posankha chomangira cha pulogalamu yomwe mwapatsidwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa zenizeni za pulogalamuyo kuti muthandizire kusankha chinthu choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi izi:

Kufikika

Chilengedwe, kuphatikiza kutentha, kukhudzana ndi madzi, ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kuwononga

Kuyika ndondomeko

Zofunika kulumikiza

Reusability

Zoletsa zolemetsa[5]Miyezo ya ASME B18 pa zomangira zina

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) imasindikiza Miyezo ingapo pa zomangira.Zina ndi:

B18.3 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, ndi Hex Keys (Inchi Series)

B18.6.1 Zopangira Zamatabwa (Inchi Series)

B18.6.2 Slotted Head Cap Screws, Square Head Set Screws, And Slotted Headless Set Screws (Inchi Series)

B18.6.3 Zopangira Pamakina, Zokopera Zopopera, ndi Zitsulo za Metallic Drive (Inchi Series)

B18.18 Chitsimikizo Chabwino Kwa Zomangira

B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard ya B18 Fastener Products

Za zida zankhondo

Zomangira zaku America, mabawuti, ndi mtedza m'mbiri yakale sizinasinthidwe kwathunthu ndi anzawo aku Britain, motero sizingafanane ndi zida zaku Britain moyenera.Izi, mwa zina, zidathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Miyezo yambiri ya Asitikali aku United States ndi mafotokozedwe opangira zida zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo kapena chitetezo, kuphatikiza zomangira.Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko Lonse ndiyo inachititsa kusinthaku.

Chigawo chachikulu cha miyezo yambiri yankhondo ndi kufufuza.Mwachidule, opanga ma Hardware amayenera kutsata zida zawo komwe amachokera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magawo awo akupita kumalo operekera, nthawi zambiri kudzera pama bar code kapena njira zofananira.Kutsata uku kumapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuwonetsetsa kuti magawo oyenera akugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuti miyezo yabwino imakwaniritsidwa pagawo lililonse lazopanga;kuonjezerapo, mbali zosavomerezeka zimatha kutsatiridwa ku gwero lawo.[7]