Nyumba Yokonzedweratu

Nyumba zomangidwa kale, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nyumba zopangira kapena zopangira, ndi mitundu yokhalamo yokhazikika, yomwe imapangidwa pasadakhale, nthawi zambiri m'magawo omwe amatha kutumizidwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa mosavuta.Zopangira zina zamakono zapakhomo zimaphatikizanso zomanga zolimbikitsidwa ndi zomanga za postmodernism kapena futurist.

Nyumba zamakhonsolo zopanda anthu ku Seacroft, Leeds, UK
“Zokonzedweratu” zingatanthauzenso nyumba zomangidwa ndi zigawo (monga mapanelo), ma module (modular nyumba) kapena zonyamulika (zomangamanga), ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kutanthauza nyumba zoyenda, mwachitsanzo, nyumba zamawilo.Ngakhale zofanana, njira ndi mapangidwe a atatuwa amasiyana kwambiri.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapulani apanyumba, komanso mapulani apanyumba achizolowezi.Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamitundu yomanga.Ku US, nyumba zam'manja ndi zopangidwa zimamangidwa motsatira malamulo omangira a HUD, pomwe nyumba zama modular zimamangidwa motsatira IRC (International Residential Code).

Nyumba zokhazikika zimapangidwa m'magawo, kenako zimatumizidwa ku malo anyumba kuti amange ndi kukhazikitsa.Ngakhale kuti zigawo za nyumbayo ndizopangidwa kale, zigawo, kapena ma modules, amaikidwa pamodzi pomanga mofanana ndi nyumba yamba.
Nyumba zopangidwa zimamangidwa pazitsulo zazitsulo, ndipo zimatengedwa mbali zonse kupita ku malo a nyumba, kumene zimasonkhanitsidwa.Mawilo, hitch ndi ma axles amachotsedwa pamalo pomwe nyumbayo imayikidwa pamaziko okhazikika.
Nyumba zoyendayenda, kapena ma trailer, amamangidwa pamawilo, ndipo amatha kukokedwa ndi galimoto.Iwo amaonedwa ngati katundu waumwini, ndipo ali ndi chilolezo ndi Dept. of Motor Vehicles.Ayenera kumangidwa ku code ya DMV, ndikuwunika kuti apereke chilolezo.

Mbiri

"Loren" Iron House, ku Old Gippstown ku Moe, Australia
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa nyumba yokonzedweratu kunali mu 1160 mpaka 1170 ndi Wace monga momwe Pierre Bouet anatsimikizira.M'kope lapadera la May/June 2015 la magazini ya ku France yotchedwa Historia, analankhula za nyumba yachifumu yotengedwa ndi anthu a ku Normans mu 'kit'. “Anatulutsa matabwa m’ngalawamo ndi kuwakokera pansi.Kenako Wowerengera (Earl) yemwe adawabweretsa, (mitanda) yopyozedwa kale ndi yokonzedwa, yosema ndi yokonzedwa, zikhomo (mapulagi aiwisi / madowels) odulidwa kale ndi kunyamulidwa m'migolo, adamanga nsanja, anali ndi ngalande yokumbidwa mozungulira. motero anamanga linga lalikulu usiku.”

Zomangamanga zosunthika zidagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la 16 ku India ndi Emperor Akbar The Great.Izi zidanenedwa ndi Arif Qandahari mu 1579.[1]

Ku United States, makampani angapo kuphatikiza Sears Catalog Homes adayamba kupereka nyumba zogulira makalata pakati pa 1902 ndi 1910.[2]The Forest Products Laboratory, gawo la US Forest Service, idayika kafukufuku wambiri m'nyumba zomangidwa kale mu 1930s, kuphatikiza kumanga imodzi ya 1935 Madison Home Show.Kafukufukuyu anapitiriza mpaka m’ma 1960.

Pofika m'chaka cha 1958, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya nyumba zatsopano ku United States zinali zomangidwa kale.[4]

Contemporary m'nyumba prefabrication
Kunyumba kwa Nyumba ya Stillwater Prefab
Chitsanzo cha nyumba yomangidwa ndi matabwa ku Lake Whatcom, United States.
Pakali pano, makampani opangira nyumba amagawidwa ndi njira zomangira.Mapangidwe anyumba opangidwa ndi ma paneled, Modular, and Manufactured amapanga makampani ambiri amakono, ndikulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa njira zomanga.

Nyumba zomangidwa pansi
Nyumba zokhala ndi mapanelo (omwe amatchedwanso nyumba zomangidwira), amamanga zida zomangira, kapena "mapanelo", a nyumba (makoma, denga ndi pansi) mu fakitale yakunja komwe mapanelo amadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma saw ndi odula laser kuchokera. mapepala akuluakulu amatabwa, omwe amalola kutaya zinyalala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomangamanga. [6]Kutsatira kudula ndi mawonekedwe awo, mapanelo amasanjidwa ndikuperekedwa kumalo ogwirira ntchito komwe nyumbayo imasonkhanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mofanana ndi nyumba yomangidwa kale.

Nyumba zokhala ndi mapanelo nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndipakati pakati pa nyumba zomangidwa kale ndi zomangidwa kale, ndi kusinthika kwa malo omanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa prefab.[7]

kumpoto kwa Amerika
United States
Chiwerengero chonse cha msika wa nyumba zomangidwa ndi banja limodzi (modular ndi panelized) zinali pa 3% ya banja limodzi mu 2020, malinga ndi Census Bureau Survey of Construction data ndi kusanthula kwa NAHB.[8]Gawoli likuyembekezeka kukwera pang'onopang'ono mu 2021.

Europe
Chizindikiro cha Globe.
Zitsanzo ndi malingaliro omwe ali mu gawoli akukhudza makamaka United Kingdom ndipo sizikuyimira malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi pankhaniyi.Mutha kukonza gawoli, kukambirana nkhaniyi patsamba lankhani, kapena kupanga gawo latsopano, ngati kuli koyenera.(Julayi 2019) (Dziwani momwe mungachotsere komanso nthawi yomwe uthenga wa template iyi)
Ku United Kingdom, nyumba zoposa 156,000 zomangidwa kale zinamangidwa pakati pa 1945 ndi 1948.[9]

M'zaka za m'ma 1940 mlengi wa ku France Jean Prouvé adapanga nyumba yopangira aluminiyamu, Maison Tropicale, kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku Africa.[10]

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse itatha mpaka 1948, Sell-Fertighaus GmbH inamanga nyumba zoposa 5,000 zomangidwa kale ku Germany kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States.
Huf Haus yopangidwa ku Germany pafupi ndi West Linton, Scotland.
Palibe mulingo wanyumba wa pan-EU womanga nyumba zamtunduwu, ndipo malamulo ali pamtundu wadziko lonse.Malangizo a EU omwe amagwira ntchito pomanga ndi kupanga nyumba samakhudza mwachindunji gawo la nyumba zokhazikika. Komabe, nyumba iliyonse yokhazikika iyenera kutsatira ma Eurocode a EU ndi malamulo omangira akomweko. [quotation needed]

United Kingdom

Nkhani yayikulu: Prefabs ku United Kingdom

Nyumba yomangidwa kale ku England pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yolumikizana ndi nyumba yofananayo yomwe idamangidwanso ndi njerwa.
Ku United Kingdom, liwu loti "prefab" nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa nyumba yomangidwa kale yomwe idamangidwa mochuluka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, [11] monga nyumba za Airey, ngati malo osakhalitsa anyumba omwe adawonongedwa ndi mabomba. , makamaka ku London.

Ngakhale kuti anali ndi cholinga chakuti nyumba zimenezi zikhale zosakhalitsa, ambiri anakhalabe ndi anthu kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ngakhale zaka zambiri nkhondo itatha.Chiwerengero chochepa chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'zaka za zana la 21, koma zowonjezereka zikuwonongedwa.Mu 2011 zinalengezedwa kuti nyumba yaikulu kwambiri ku Britain yotsala ya nyumba 187 ku Lewisham, South-East London, ikonzedwanso kupatula nyumba zisanu ndi imodzi.

Ma prefabs adamangidwanso mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse monga nyumba zomwe zidakhalabe ku Austin Village, Birmingham.

Kubwereza kwaposachedwa kwamalingaliro ndi chitukuko cha zipinda 36 zotchedwa y:cube zopangidwa ndi YMCA ku Mitcham, South London[13] Ilke Homes ku Knaresborough imamanga 2 ndi 3 nyumba zogona 'modular' zomwe zitha kumangidwa maola 36. 14]

Australia ndi Asia
Mu 2010, Bali idatumiza nyumba 98,417 kunja, koma mu 2011 derali lidangotumiza mayunitsi 5,007 chifukwa chakugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi komwe kudakhudza malo angapo otumiza kunja.Nyumba zomangidwa kale za ku Balinesezi zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha luso lake laluso komanso kufunika kwake.[15]